Space opera

Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction^[1] that emphasizes space warfare, with use of melodramatic, risk-taking space adventures, relationships, and chivalric romance. Set mainly or entirely in outer space, it features technological and social advancements (or lack thereof) in faster-than-light travel, futuristic weapons, and sophisticated technology, on a backdrop of galactic empires and interstellar wars with fictional aliens, often in fictional galaxies. The term does not refer to opera music, but instead originally referred to the melodrama, scope, and formulaicness of operas, much as used in "horse opera", a 1930s phrase for a clichéd and formulaic Western film,^[2] and "soap opera", a melodramatic television series. Space operas emerged in the 1930s and continue to be produced in literature, film, comics, television, video games and board games.

An early film which was based on space-opera comic strips was Flash Gordon (1936), created by Alex Raymond.^[3] Perry Rhodan (1961–) is the most successful space opera book series ever written.^[4]^[5] The Star Trek TV series (1966–) by Gene Roddenberry and the Star Wars films (1977–) by George Lucas brought a great deal of attention to the sub-genre.^[6] After the convention-breaking "new wave", followed by the enormous success of the franchises, space opera became once again a critically acceptable sub-genre. Throughout 1982–2002, the Hugo Award for Best Novel was often given to a space opera nominee.^[7]

^ Agafonova, Karina, et al. "How Do People Read Science Fiction and Why is it Popular: Common Tendencies and Comparative Analysis." CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2021.
^ Pringle, David (2000). "What is this thing called space opera?". In Westfahl, Gary (ed.). Space and Beyond: The frontier theme in science fiction (1st ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0313308468. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
^ Nelson, Murry R. (2013). American Sports: A history of icons, idols, and ideas. Greenwood. p. 310. ISBN 978-0313397523.
^ Rastatt (July 1996). "Perry Rhodan 35th anniversary Press Release". Perry Rhodan English Language Homepage. Archived from the original on 30 April 2008. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
^ Freistetter, Florian (15 April 2021). A History of the Universe in 100 Stars. Quercus. ISBN 9781529410136. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
^ Child, Ben (20 February 2017). "A modern space opera: Has Star Wars escaped the George Lucas worldview?". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
^ Hartwell, David G. & Cramer, Kathryn (2006). The Space Opera Renaissance (1st ed.). New York, NY: Tor Books. ISBN 0765306174.

[1] Agafonova, Karina, et al. "How Do People Read Science Fiction and Why is it Popular: Common Tendencies and Comparative Analysis." CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2021.

[Pringle-2] Pringle, David (2000). "What is this thing called space opera?". In Westfahl, Gary (ed.). Space and Beyond: The frontier theme in science fiction (1st ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0313308468. Retrieved 24 March 2017.

[Nelson-3] Nelson, Murry R. (2013). American Sports: A history of icons, idols, and ideas. Greenwood. p. 310. ISBN 978-0313397523.

[4] Rastatt (July 1996). "Perry Rhodan 35th anniversary Press Release". Perry Rhodan English Language Homepage. Archived from the original on 30 April 2008. Retrieved 6 November 2021.

[5] Freistetter, Florian (15 April 2021). A History of the Universe in 100 Stars. Quercus. ISBN 9781529410136. Retrieved 6 November 2021.

[6] Child, Ben (20 February 2017). "A modern space opera: Has Star Wars escaped the George Lucas worldview?". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 March 2017.

[Hartwell-7] Hartwell, David G. & Cramer, Kathryn (2006). The Space Opera Renaissance (1st ed.). New York, NY: Tor Books. ISBN 0765306174.

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